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The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. As of 2023, the most recent release of macOS is macOS 14 Sonoma. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit ARM-based Apple M series processors on the latest Macintosh computers. In 2006, Apple transitioned to the Intel architecture with a line of Macs using Intel Core processors. MacOS has supported three major processor architectures, beginning with PowerPC-based Macs in 1999. After sixteen distinct versions of macOS 10, macOS Big Sur was presented as version 11 in 2020, and every subsequent version has also incremented the major version number. ![]() Apple shortened the name to "OS X" in 2011 and then changed it to "macOS" in 2016 to align with the branding of Apple's other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The derivatives of macOS are Apple's other operating systems: iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and audioOS.Ī prominent part of macOS's original brand identity was the use of Roman numeral X, pronounced "ten", as well as code naming each release after species of big cats, or places within California. Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard and all releases from OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion to macOS 14 Sonoma are UNIX 03 certified. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. ![]() During this time, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs had left Apple and started another company, NeXT, developing the NeXTSTEP platform that would later be acquired by Apple to form the basis of macOS. MacOS succeeded the classic Mac OS, a Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of Linux (including ChromeOS). It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. MacOS ( / ˌ m æ k oʊ ˈ ɛ s/ previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. Whenever I connect the iBook to my router via Ethernet, I’m automatically connected to the Internet, with no need to manually configure anything. I have a few PowerPC Macs that can boot either in Mac OS X or Mac OS 9, and a Mac OS 9-only machine, a clamshell iBook G3/300 with 288 MB of RAM. I’d like to point out that this behaviour isn’t the standard, as far as I know. The Ars Technica piece by Cunningham left a bitter taste in my mouth, and as I voiced on Twitter and App.net, I believe the author (perhaps due to inexperience and impatience with vintage hardware and software) hasn’t painted a completely fair picture of how these machines and systems can actually perform.Īnd connecting the PowerBook to my router required a trip to the TCP/IP Control Panel to get things working-the OS didn’t just detect an active network interface and grab an IP address as it does now. I’m quite experienced when it comes to vintage Macs and optimising them to make the most of them. For that, I can be rather productive even on a PowerBook 5300 (a 117 MHz machine with 64 MB of RAM) with Mac OS 8.1, as you can read in the second part of my article, In defence of the PowerBook 5300. ![]() I’m probably in an advantageous position, since my ‘actual work’ mainly revolves around text and writing. ![]() And it really depends on what we mean by ‘actual work.’ Stephen Hackett, linking to this article by Andrew Cunningham at Ars Technica, comments:Īndrew Cunningham has learned what I did back in 2008: while OS 9 is fun to play with, it’s terrible for getting actual work done. ![]()
![]() Most web browsers, like both Chrome and Firefox, can open PDFs themselves. It's completely fine to use, but I find it to be a somewhat bloated program with lots of features that you may never need or want to use. Adobe created the PDF standard and its program is certainly the most popular free PDF reader out there. Most people head right to Adobe Acrobat Reader when they need to open a PDF. PDF files always look identical on any device or operating system. ![]() The reason PDF is so widely popular is that it can preserve original document formatting. The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a universal file format that comprises characteristics of both text documents and graphic images which makes it one of the most commonly used file types today. Use our Color Picker to pick colors from images To resize JPEG images use our Image Resizer tool.ĭeveloped by: Joint Photographic Experts Group JPG files open automatically on popular web browsers such as Chrome, Microsoft applications such as Microsoft Photos, and Mac OS applications such as Apple Preview. To select a specific application to open the file, utilize right-click, and select "Open with" to make your selection. Simply double-clicking the JPG file will usually result in its opening in your default image viewer, image editor, or web browser. If you need even better compression, you can convert JPG to WebP, which is a newer and more compressible file format.Īlmost all image-viewer programs and applications recognize and can open JPG files. You can use our compress JPEG tool to reduce the file size by up to 80%! As such, the relatively small size of JPG files makes them excellent for transporting over the Internet and using on websites. The considerable compression that JPG offers is the reason for its wide use. The fact that they all come for free can also be considered a big plus.JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), is a universal file format that utilizes an algorithm to compress photographs and graphics. But you can also make other changes, like rotating, cropping, extracting or removing pages from your photo album.Įven though it may seem like it has only one purpose, Photo to PDF Converter proves to be quite a versatile tool, with plenty of advanced features. You can add watermarks (either text or image), passwords or signatures and you can even change a document’s metadata. If you go to the Modification tab, you will be able to, well, modify your PDFs in order to protect your work. It offers you a lot of control over your documents You can adjust the image quality and color depth of the output files you can also use this program to create a full-screen slideshow, which could be a useful tool for creating presentations. The program was obviously designed for creating photo PDF albums, but you can still choose to convert each image separately if you wish. ![]() You can add image files to its main interface by dragging and dropping them, then click Convert. There are even websites where you could upload your photos in order to convert them to PDFs, but Photo to PDF Converter seems like a more advanced tool that boasts some interesting features. So, how do you convert your images to PDFs? Well, there’s a program aptly titled Photo to PDF Converter that could do the trick. You would have all your best works in a single document, at decent quality also, sharing and protecting your work would be a lot easier. For example, if you’re a photographer, a digital artist or a model, neatly arranging your photos in a PDF would allow you to easily create an album or a portfolio. Though not many people think of converting their digital photos to PDFs, there are still many reasons why one could consider this. Once you've identified differences in your files, you can edit them directly within the software. One of the standout features of UltraCompare is its built-in text editor. ![]() This feature is invaluable when you need to keep multiple versions of a document or when you want to find missing or redundant files in your system. You can compare entire folders or individual files to identify differences and similarities. File and Directory ComparisonĬomparing files and directories is the core functionality of IDM UltraCompare. The software takes care of the rest, providing you with a clear and concise comparison result. It's as simple as opening the program and dragging your files or directories into the designated areas. You don't need to be a tech guru to navigate through the software. The user interface of UltraCompare is designed with you in mind. After installation, use the provided crack to unlock the full version.Run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions.Download the software from the official website.Installing IDM UltraCompare Professional 20.10.0.20 Full Crack is a breeze. Streamlined Workflow: Improve your workflow by quickly identifying differences in documents, eliminating redundancy, and streamlining processes.UltraCompare helps you keep version control intact. Version Control: For developers, it's crucial to track changes in code.Enhanced Productivity: Get more work done in less time, thanks to the efficiency of file comparison software.Error Detection: It's easy to miss subtle differences when comparing files manually.This software automates the process, saving you valuable time. Saves Time: Manual file comparison is time-consuming and prone to errors.Whether you're a programmer, content creator, or just a regular computer user, here's why you need IDM UltraCompare Professional 20.10.0.20 Full Crack: ![]() Customization Options: Tailor the tool to your specific needs with various customization options.įile comparison software is essential for a multitude of reasons.Integration with Other Tools: Seamlessly integrate with other IDM software products for enhanced functionality.Advanced Text Editing: UltraCompare includes a built-in text editor, allowing you to edit compared files on the fly.File and Directory Comparison: Quickly compare files and folders, pinpointing differences with precision. ![]()
If you, as a network designer, are disciplined and realistic with how you design, assemble and support your teams and departments, you will achieve unprecedented success. ![]() These resources include but are not limited to time, people, capital, direction and management support. In human networks, bandwidth speaks to a team’s capacity to handle the amount of workload being given within the timeframe given and the resources provided. If a network has the capacity to handle 100 megabits of traffic and you try to push a gigabit through it, the network becomes overloaded and overstressed, resulting in a variety of unpredictable breakdowns. In the IT network that's the network’s capacity to handle a workload. The last component of network design deals with bandwidth. ![]() High levels of trust and collaboration equate to high levels of production. In the human network, that equates to having a team that likes, trusts and supports one another. The third step involves building robust communication networks to interconnect the "processors." In the IT world, that means high-speed fiber networks that pass information almost at the speed of light. This equates to understanding what knowledge, training, experience and capabilities the team must have to be successful. The next step in the IT process is to decide what applications and software are required to do the work. So the question is: How many people will I need on this team? When building a human network, the information processors are people. The first step in designing an IT network is to determine how many computing devices (information processors) will be needed to accomplish the task. I spent 20 years designing computer networks and 40 years building teams and companies (human networks), and the similarities are striking. Then, there are four basic components to designing and building that network. The first step in designing any network is to define the goals you want it to achieve. Will it be challenging? Yes! Will it be worth it? Yes! Will it produce more output with less effort? Yes and yes! Interacting networks create the most powerful forces on Earth. Only then can we reap the superior benefits in performance that network models deliver over linear models. We must design, build and lead them using network-based mindsets, models and methods. We must embrace the fact that our organizations are multilayered networks. And we have the stats to prove it doesn’t. We cannot treat a highly intelligent, living, thinking, creative organism as a machine and expect it to prosper. They are living, breathing, complex adaptive systems comprised of a series of organizational networks (departments) that are driven by human, "tribal" networks (teams). Organizations Are Not Machines Organizations Are OrganismsĪgain, organizations are not machines driven by strict laws of science. ![]() It isn’t even really with management, because they are trying to increase engagement as well. So, if 70% aren’t engaged and 70% want to be engaged, then clearly the problem isn’t with the workforce. While Gallop surveys show around 70% of employees aren't engaged, they also have found that 70% of the workforce would actually like to be engaged in their work. No one has really liked the numbers, and much of the blame for them has been put on the worker. We have seen these figures for so long that we accept them as the best we can expect. ![]() Gallup estimates this lack of engagement to cost businesses $500 billion annually. Decades of statistics show how using Newtonian models to build and lead living organisms has resulted in around 70% of people not being engaged in their work. Proof of this can be seen by the fact that average employee engagement percentages hover in the mid to low thirties year after year. Applying Newtonian principles to a highly complex, living organism is a fundamentally flawed approach that will consistently yield extremely poor results-which it clearly has. This caused a problem, though, because organizations are not machines. The org chart was the model that perfectly both reflected and perpetuated that thinking. ![]() SmART sketcher® is a trademark of Flycatcher, Corp LTD © 2018 Flycatcher Corp LTD. Our privacy policy and terms of use for apps are accepted if you download this app. smART sketcher® Picture This! Frames, contains 20 sheets of framed paper and 5 magnetic frames to display finished work. Everything is organized in a convenient carry-and-stow case. smART sketcher® Creativity Set, contains 20 sheets of framed paper, 5 reusable magnetic frames, 6 crayons, 6 markers, and 6 colored pencils. ![]() smART sketcher® Learn-A-Language Alphabet Packs, containing 50 writing and early reading activities, are available in separate languages as well as cursive writing. smART sketcher® Creativity Packs, containing 50 learn-to-draw activities, are available in a variety of age-appropriate themes. If you want to extend the fun, additional smART sketcher® activity products are available for separate purchase at : ![]() Learn to form upper case, lower case and cursive letters the correct way with step-by-step instructions, plus curriculum-based early reading content, and lots of space to practice your skills! Step-by-step instructions show you how to draw it like a pro! Watch the finished image come to life with sound and movement. The smART sketcher Projector puts the fun of drawing and writing into the hands of kids Right out of the box, kids can engage in 50+ sketching and learning. Sketch like a pro! Color it in to add your own details.Ĭhoose a pre-loaded picture on your smART sketcher® Projector. Filter it for crayon, marker, or pencil drawing. Project it on paper with your connected smART sketcher® Projector. One month of free-trial is available for new subscribers only.Ĭheck our EULA at and privacy policy at for full details.ĭownload any photo from your mobile device. We’re pretty sure you’re going to love this, but if you don’t, you can cancel your subscription anytime. Play on all of your connected Apple mobile devices registered with your Flycatcher ID.Īfter the free-trial, a monthly/yearly auto-renewable subscription will be activated. Receive new members-only activities every month. It’s the newest and smARTest way to play! Join the smART sketcher® members-only program and receive exclusive content. Up your smART sketcher® experience with a Super smART subscription. It helps bridge the gap between schoolwork, homework and play! smART sketcher® encourages creativity, small motor development, storytelling, and early reading skills. Kids can download photos from any mobile device or use pre-loaded activity packs for endless play-and-learning activities. SmART sketcher® puts the fun of sketching, drawing, and writing into the hands of kids ages 5 to 105 using a smART sketcher® Projector. Just as it should be! Note: You need to have a smART sketcher® Projector to use this app. Step-by-step instructions guide small – or large – hands through the entire process. Sketch, draw, and learn to write like a pro using the smART sketcher® Projector and this FREE APP. The smART sketcher Projector App is compatible with both the original smART sketcher® Projector and the new smART sketcher® 2.0 Projector. It can also be used to highlight, contour, and enhance bone structure to add more depth to the face. It addresses a handful of different beauty concerns, including disguising dark under-eye circles, hiding blemishes, camouflaging redness, evening out skin tone, and blurring imperfections.
![]() In this engine test, ASTM 8074, the lubricant is subjected to severe stress to induce a cylinder scuffing event. This wear test evaluates a lubricant’s ability to reduce cylinder liner scuffing, which is critical to maintaining engine compression and efficiency, keys for maximizing the engine’s hauling capacity and fuel economy on the road. For instance, Detroit has introduced an additional wear test as part of its own specification (termed DFS 93K223). In addition to FA-4, some OEMs also require that these new oils be scrutinized beyond the industry specification to deliver additional engine protection. Qualifying any one FA-4 lubricant’s performance is years and millions of dollars in the making. Like many in the industry, Lubrizol and our customers have thoroughly vetted the new products being introduced into the market to ensure that they meet and exceed the performance requirements of each test. This engine testing program consists of procedures to evaluate oxidation, cleanliness and wear control, to name a few, and each are designed to exacerbate a particular challenge in the field. These new fuel-efficient lubricants need to adequately perform in more than 20 fired-engine tests at certified laboratories, spanning various displacements from multiple manufacturers, to qualify for the new FA-4 and associated standards. ![]() In addition, formulators have access to anti-wear agents to further fortify the formulation.Ĭlick here to read more about the benefits of FA-4 oils. To overcome this challenge, new additive packages designed for FA-4 oils play a critical role in ensuring the lubricant delivers the same engine protection. If a lubricant formulator only adjusted the base oil and viscosity modifier content to lower the HTHS viscosity, it could lead to poorer wear protection than a HTHS counterpart. Through the process of formulating FA-4 oils for modern-day engines, it is essential that the lubricant components are properly balanced to ensure the durability of these engine components is not compromised. The engine lubricant’s most important performance attribute in a Class 8 engine may be mitigating the permanent wear of hardware such as bearings, valve trains, cylinder liners and pistons, to maximize vehicle life and uptime.Ī typical engine oil is comprised of base oil, viscosity modifiers and a performance additive package. The function of modern heavy-duty lubricants includes protecting the engine against the harmful effects of corrosion, reducing the performance-compromising buildup of soot and deposits and maintaining oil viscosity throughout the drain interval to ensure that it can properly flow throughout the engine. However, it is important to know that these oils must meet all the same performance requirements as their API CK-4 counterparts to receive certification. API FA-4: durability uncompromisedĪ common misconception of lubricants meeting the new API FA-4 performance standard is that by being thinner, they offer lower durability. ![]() With this move to low HTHS viscosity levels, new additive technology is essential to ensure that durability and protection are maintained. Formulated to solve heavy-duty diesel challenges, API FA-4 lubricants allow for further fuel economy gains due to high-temperature, high-shear (HTHS) low viscosity oils-meaning that they have less resistance to flow between engine parts moving at high speeds in elevated operating temperatures. |
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